Python Site Crawler: Whole Site Data Collection Framework

First, why is the crawler always blocked? First understand the doorway

Do crawler brother understand, hard work to write the script running suddenly stopped. The most common is that the site gives you a403 ForbiddenOr just block your IP so that you can't even enter your home. It's like going to the supermarket and trying too much food, the security guards will definitely stop you.

There's a key point here:Frequent requests from a single IPJust like the same person repeatedly in and out of the supermarket door, not to be watched only strange. At this time, we need proxy IP to act as a "stand-in actor", so that the site feels that each time a different visitor.

Second, how to choose the proxy IP? Remember the three pits

There are all kinds of agency services on the market, but not many are reliable. I've usedipipgos all know that the selection of agents have to look at these three elements:

1. survival time: do not use those 5 minutes to expire short-lived IP
2. geographic location: according to the target site to choose the region, such as e-commerce data with the shipment place IP
3. protocol support: https must be, some old sites also have to prepare socks5

To give a chestnut, I recently helped a friend to catch the data of a certain apparel platform, using theipipgoThe dynamic residential IP, every hour automatically change more than 500 IP, hard 100,000 pieces of commodity information grips down.

Third, the practical framework to build: hand to teach you to assemble

Here's one for your own usethree-piece architecture, suitable for small and medium-sized projects:

import requests
from random import choice

 API interface provided by ipipgo
IP_API = "https://api.ipipgo.com/get?format=json"

def get_proxy():
    resp = requests.get(IP_API).json()
    return f"{resp['protocol']}://{resp['ip']}:{resp['port']}"

proxies = {
    'http': get_proxy(),
    'https': get_proxy()
}

response = requests.get('destination URL', proxies=proxies, timeout=10)

Note the addition of aException Retry Mechanism, which is automatically changed when it encounters an invalid IP. It is recommended to useipipgo(used form a nominal expression)pay-per-use package, much more cost-effective than a monthly subscription, and especially suited to this scenario where you need to resize at any time.

Fourth, advanced skills: let the crawler live like a real person

It's not enough to change IPs, you have to learncamouflage::

There was a previous case: a travel site used a mouse track to detect bots, which was later used in theipipgoThe IP pool is based on the addition of theTrajectory Simulation PluginThe acquisition success rate shot straight up from 40% to 90%.

V. Frequently Asked Questions QA

Q: What should I do if my proxy IP is not working?
A: Recommendedipipgo(used form a nominal expression)Real-Time Detection InterfaceThe IPs in the pool are automatically removed every minute to ensure that the IPs in the pool are all live fish.

Q: What should I do if I encounter a CAPTCHA?
A: Don't just hard, two programs: 1. Reduce the frequency of requests 2. on the coding platform. It is recommended to prioritize program 1, after allipipgoThe amount of IP is large enough that it is more cost-effective to decentralize the requests

Q: How do you control costs when there is a large amount of data?
A: Use it wellipipgo(used form a nominal expression)Consumption warning function, set the auto pause threshold. Also enable IP reuse mode, quality IP can be reused 3-5 times

Sixth, say something heartfelt

Crawler thing, like a guerrilla war. Last year to help a price comparison site to do collection, changed three agents to stabilize. In the end, I usedipipgo(used form a nominal expression)Exclusive Enterprise IPNot only is the success rate steady above 98%, but the key is strong technical support, and you can find someone in the middle of the night if something goes wrong.

Remember, the proxy IP is not a panacea, you have to cooperate with the anti-anti-crawl strategy to get twice the result with half the effort. It is recommended that newbies start withipipgo(used form a nominal expression)trial packageGet started, feel your way around before you take on the volume, don't buy the most expensive package right off the bat, it's easy to pay your dues.