Rust Web Crawling: High Performance Concurrent Crawler

Why do Rust crawlers need proxy IPs?

The biggest headache for web crawlers is to be blocked IP, especially when the target site is added to the anti-climbing mechanism.Although Rust has strong performance, but direct hard server is like taking a hammer to knock on the glass - too much noise is easy to be exposed. This time you need toproxy IPThe real IP is hidden under the cloak of invisibility.

For example, suppose you want to capture the price data of the e-commerce platform. If you use a single IP to make a continuous request, it will be blocked in less than half an hour. But if you use ipipgo's proxy IP pool, each request for a different export IP, the server can not tell whether it is a real person visit or machine operation.

// Example of a rotating proxy using ipipgo
use reqwest::Proxy;

async fn fetch_with_proxy(url: &str) -> Result {
    let proxy = Proxy::https("http://user:pass@gateway.ipipgo.com:8001")? ;
    let client = reqwest::Client::builder()
        .proxy(proxy)
        .build()? ;

    client.get(url)
        .send()
        .send()
        .text()
        .await
.await}

The lifeblood of concurrent crawlers: IP management

Rust's async/await is really powerful, but the concurrency count goes up and IP management becomes critical. Here are a few tricks to teach you:

Focusing on ipipgo'sIntelligent Fusing MechanismThis can be done in code. Their API gives real-time feedback on IP availability and automatically switches to a new IP when a proxy fails 3 times in a row. this can be implemented in code like this:

let mut bad_proxies = HashSet::new();

loop {
    let proxy = ipipgo.get_random_proxy();
    if bad_proxies.contains(&proxy) {
        continue; }
    }

    match fetch_with_proxy(&proxy).await {
        Ok(_) => {/ Processing data /},
        Err(_) => {
            bad_proxies.insert(proxy.clone());
            ipipgo.report_failure(proxy); // report failed IPs
        }
    }
}

A practical guide to avoiding the pit

Seen too many newbies fall into these pits:

1. The request header's not disguised.-Even with a proxy, the User-Agent is all Rust client-side features.
2. Inadequate frequency control--Think you can do whatever you want with proxies and make crazy requests!
3. Didn't handle the CAPTCHA.--Blind when it comes to graphical validation

I'll teach you a combo: use ipipgo'sResidential Agents+ random delay + dynamic request header. The IPs of the residential proxies are all real home broadband and are harder to recognize than the server room IPs. It can be played with in the code like this:

// Fake a browser visit
let headers = {
    let mut h = HeaderMap::new();
    h.insert(USER_AGENT, "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0) ..." .parse().unwrap());
    h.insert(ACCEPT_LANGUAGE, "zh-CN,zh;q=0.9".parse().unwrap()); h.insert(ACCEPT_LANGUAGE, "zh-CN,zh;q=0.9".parse().unwrap());
    h
}.

// Randomize the delay by 1~3 seconds
tokio::time::sleep(Duration::from_secs(rand::thread_rng().gen_range(1..3))).await;

QA First Aid Kit

Q: Can't I use a free proxy? Why should I choose ipipgo?
A: Free proxies survive less than 5 minutes on average and can be injected with malicious code. ipipgo's commercial proxies are maintained by dedicated staff and offerHTTPS encrypted channeland automatic IP replacement, saving your mind and security.

Q: What should I do if I encounter a CAPTCHA?
A: ipipgo's recommendedHigh Stash Agent + Human Verification Solution. Their high-level package includes auto-coding service, which automatically invokes OCR recognition when encountering CAPTCHAs, and the success rate can go up to 92% or more.

Q: How do I choose an agent package?
A: For Small Scale Grabbingpay per volumeLong-term project selectionEnterprise Customized PackagesRecently, ipipgo has released a new "crawler package", which supports dynamic expansion of the number of concurrency, especially suitable for high-performance scenarios such as Rust.

One last rant: Being a crawler is about martial arts. Proxy IPs are not used to wreak havoc, they are used toEquitable access to publicly available dataThe first thing you need to do is to set up a reasonable request interval. Remember to set reasonable intervals between requests and don't hang people's servers, that's the long term way.