IPIPGO ip proxy Scrapy Middleware Agent Configuration: A Complete Solution for Automatic Rotation and Error Handling

Scrapy Middleware Agent Configuration: A Complete Solution for Automatic Rotation and Error Handling

First, why is your crawler always blocked? Try this trick Brothers engaged in crawling should have encountered this hurdle - the target site suddenly give you a face, 403, 429 error code with no money like popping out. At this time it is the proxy IP on the show, but the ordinary configuration is like using disposable chopsticks to eat, eat two...

Scrapy Middleware Agent Configuration: A Complete Solution for Automatic Rotation and Error Handling

一、为什么你的爬虫老被封?试试这招

搞爬虫的兄弟应该都遇到过这个坎儿——目标网站突然给你甩脸子,403、429错误码跟不要钱似的往外蹦。这时候就该代理IP上场表演了,但普通配置就像用一次性筷子吃饭,吃两口就得换新的。咱们要玩就玩自动换装的智能中间件,让爬虫永远有干净衣服穿。

二、手把手教你搭个会变脸的中间件

先整明白Scrapy中间件的运作原理,它就像个安检通道,每个请求都要过这个关卡。咱们要改造的是下载器中间件,重点关照process_request这个方法。这里有个自用的配置模板,拿去就能用:


class SmartProxyMiddleware:
    def __init__(self, proxy_api):
        self.proxy_pool = []   IP池
        self.bad_ips = set()   黑名单
        self.api_url = proxy_api   这里填ipipgo的API地址

    def fetch_new_ips(self):
         从ipipgo拉取最新IP,建议用他们的动态住宅套餐
        response = requests.get(f"{self.api_url}?count=20&type=dynamic")
        self.proxy_pool = json.loads(response.text)['proxies']
        
    def process_request(self, request, spider):
        if not self.proxy_pool:
            self.fetch_new_ips()
            
        current_proxy = random.choice(self.proxy_pool)
        request.meta['proxy'] = f"http://{current_proxy['ip']}:{current_proxy['port']}"
        request.meta['proxy_auth'] = current_proxy['auth']   认证信息别漏了

三、动态IP池的保养秘诀

IP池不能是死水一潭,得学会自我更新。推荐用三级缓存机制::

level corresponds English -ity, -ism, -ization Update Strategy
活跃池 当前可用IP 每5分钟淘汰20%
backup pool 待命IP 每小时全量更新
应急池 temporary emergency relief 触发封禁时立即补充

实测用ipipgo的动态住宅代理,配合这个机制,连续跑12小时没出过验证码。他们家的IP存活时间可以自定义设置,建议根据目标网站的反爬强度调整,电商类网站建议3-5分钟轮换一次。

四、错误处理的十八般武艺

遇到报错别慌,分情况处理:


class ErrorHandlerMiddleware:
    def process_exception(self, request, exception, spider):
        if isinstance(exception, TimeoutException):
            self.retry_request(request, delay=10)
        elif isinstance(exception, ConnectionError):
            self.switch_proxy(request)
        elif '403' in str(exception):
            self.block_proxy(request.meta['proxy'])
            self.switch_proxy(request)
            
    def block_proxy(self, bad_ip):
         把问题IP关小黑屋8小时
        self.bad_ips.add(bad_ip)
        threading.Timer(28800, self.bad_ips.remove, args=[bad_ip]).start()

五、实战踩坑问答

Q:用了代理为什么速度反而变慢?
A:检查三点:1.代理类型选对没(动态业务用住宅代理)2.是不是没关DNS解析延迟 3.目标网站地区线路是否优化。推荐用ipipgo的Static Residential Agents做高并发需求,他们家的ISP线路优化确实顶

Q: How can I tell if an agent is truly anonymous?
A:访问https://ipipgo.com/check页面,看返回头里的X-Forwarded-For字段。真匿名代理这里应该显示为空,像ipipgo的住宅代理都满足这个条件

Q: How do I choose a package for enterprise crawlers?
A:根据业务特征来选:
• 需要长期维持会话的(比如自动填单)用Static Housing Enterprise Edition
• 大规模数据采集用Dynamic Residential Enterprise Edition
• 特殊场景像TikTok数据抓取直接上他们家定制方案

Sixth, say something heartfelt

代理配置不是一劳永逸的事,得根据实际情况灵活调整。最近帮朋友调了个跨境电商爬虫,用ipipgo的cross-border rail line套餐,配合我们的错误处理策略,直接把采集效率从每天2万条干到15万条。记住三个关键点:及时淘汰失效IP、合理设置超时时间、错误重试要有冷却期。把这几个点吃透,你的爬虫就能在互联网上横着走。

This article was originally published or organized by ipipgo.https://www.ipipgo.com/en-us/ipdaili/47181.html

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